City names are in bold where all three sources agree. The following table lists the most populous human settlements by estimated population at specified points in history according to three sources: Ian Morris, George Modelski and Tertius Chandler. List of the most populous human settlements over time Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task. Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Jakarta is expected to overtake Tokyo by 2030, partly due to Tokyo's shrinking population. The Greater Tokyo Area has been the most populous metropolitan area in the world since 1955, with more than 37.393 million residents as of 2020. They were later surpassed by Constantinople, Chang'an, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Jinling, Beijing, Edo, London (the first city to reach 2 million), New York (the first to reach 10 million), and Tokyo (the first to reach 20 million). Alexandria, Rome, or Baghdad may have been the first city to have 1,000,000 people, as early as 100 BC or as late as 925 AD. This article lists the largest human settlements in the world (by population) over time, as estimated by historians, from 7000 BC when the largest human settlement was a proto-city in the Ancient Near East with a population of about 1,000–2,000 people, to the year 2000 when the largest human settlement was Tokyo with 26 million. Not to be confused with Historical urban community sizes.
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